1 成像原理 DR基本原理是以非晶体为基础的直接转换FPD(由闪烁体、薄膜光电二极管阵列和薄膜晶体管阵列构成),入射的x线到达闪烁体被吸收后,激发出的电子和空穴对在外加高压电场的作用下运动并传递到下层的光电二极管,转换为电信号,在薄膜晶体管中积分成为储存电荷,在控制电路的触发下把储存电荷按顺序传递到外电路,经数据读出放大器放大处理同时转换14位二进制数字信号,通过电缆传输到操作台显示。直接数字化成像系统的图像质量由于以数字像素组成,故其较传统的x线有以下优势: ① 空间分辨率:由于探测器是矩阵式有规则排列的光敏单元,其在入射x射线下产生的电子一空穴对在偏压电场作用下运动,因而发散现象大为减少,且没有摄像装置的偏转线圈,也没有电子束扫描电路,因此图像的保真度较高。 ②对比分辨率:探测器读取图像的黑白动态范围大,对应其内部半导体储存的电荷与入射的x射线剂量的线性关系,最后建出的图像黑白间的动态范围应在10 以上。这对于发现病灶和提高诊断效果十分有利。 ③ 图像效果:探测器用计数x射线粒子数目的方法实现对x射线的数字化,探测效率很高,用较低条件即可获得很清晰的图像,且水平方向的x射线束始终垂直扫描受检查,图像在垂直方向不会因放大而失真。
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